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Ranka (legend)
''Lan Ke'' (爛柯, Làn Kē, or ''The Rotten Axe Handle'' in English), is a Chinese legend which has been compared to that of Rip Van Winkle, although it predates it by at least a 1000 years. The exact date of origin of the legend is unknown, but it has literary antecedents from the 5th century AD, and the "rotten axe handle" plot element was certainly present by an early 6th century version.
Another plot element of the legend features two immortals playing a board game, interpreted in later times as Go, so that ''Lan Ke'' has become a literary name for Go. It is through this connection that the name "''Ranka''", which is the Japanese pronunciation of "Lan Ke", entered the English language.
==Literary evolution==
The early 4th century compilation of legends and occult tales ''Yiyuan'' (異苑) by official Liu Jingshu (劉敬叔) recorded a tale about a traveller riding a horse, who saw two elderly men by the side of the road playing ''shupu'' (樗蒲), a race game, and got off his horse to watch. In the middle of the game he glanced at his horse and was astonished to see that it had turned to a skeleton. When he returned home, he found that all of his family were gone.〔Liu Jingshu (刘敬叔), ''Yiyuan'' (《异苑》)："In the olden days, a man rode a horse into a mountain. Two elderly men were by the side of the road playing ''shupu''. He got off the course, and leaned his whip on the ground and watched. He thought only a moment had passed, but when he looked at his horse whip, it had completely rotted; he then looked at his horse, and it was a skeleton. When he got home, none of his family was alive. He died from the grief. (“昔有人乘马山行，遥岫里有二老翁，相对樗蒲。遂下马，以策拄地而观之。自谓俄顷，视其马鞭，漼然已烂，顾瞻其马，鞍骸骨朽，既而至家，无复亲属，一恸而绝。”)〕 The 4th century ''Dongyang Ji'' (東陽記) by Zheng Qizhi recorded a slightly different version: a man named Wang Zhi went to Mount Shishi, in Zhejiang, to chop wood, and stopped when he heard four youths singing. The youths gave him food that looked like date cores. He ate them, and was not hungry. By the time the youths finished singing, and he started on his way home, he noticed that his axe handle had rotted. When he returned home, he realised that decades had past. The ''Dongyang Ji'' version was quoted by Li Daoyuan's influential 6th century work ''Commentary on the Water Classic'', which made the story famous.〔''Commentary on the Water Classic''(《水经注》), quoting ''Dongyang Ji'': "In Xing'an County there is a Xuanshi ("Hanging Room") Hill. In mid-Jin dynasty, a commoner Wang Zhi was chopping wood when he came upon the stone room. He saw four youths playing a stringed instrument and singing. Zhi stayed, listening while leaning on the handle of his axe. The youths gave him an item, similar to a date core. Zhi held it in his mouth and was no longer hungry. A moment later, the youths said, "we are leaving", and left. The axe handle had completely rotted. When he returned, Zhi found that he had been gone for several decades, and all his family had died. (「信安縣有懸室坂，晉中朝時，有民王質，伐木至石室中，見童子四人彈琴而歌，質因留，倚柯聽之。童子以一物如棗核與質，質含之便不復饑。俄頃，童子曰：其歸。承聲而去，斧柯漼然爛盡。既歸，質去家已數十年，親情凋落。」)〕 Still later, 6th century author Ren Fang's ''Tales of the Strange'' (述異記) reworked the story once again, so that the youths were playing a board game and singing, although he did not specifically mention ''Go''.〔Ren Fang (任昉), ''Shu Yi Ji'' (《述異記》: "At Mount Shishi in Xing'an County, during the Jin Dynasty, a Wang Zhi was chopping wood, when he saw several youths, playing a board game and singing. Zhi stopped to listen. The youths gave an item to Zhi, which was similar to a date core. Zhi held it in his mouth and felt no hunger. A moment later, the youths said: "Why are you not going?" Zhi rose, and saw that the axe handle had completely rotted. When he returned, he saw no-one from his own time." (「信安郡石室山，晉時王質伐木，至見童子數人，棋而歌，質因聽之。童子以一物與質，如棗核，質含之不覺饑。俄頃，童子謂曰：『何不去？』，質起，視斧柯爛盡，既歸，無復時人。」)〕
The later versions of the story that identify two elders playing ''Go'' may also be influenced by the motif of immortals playing ''Go'' in other stories, such as the tale that appeared in Gan Bao's 4th century compilation of supernatural stories ''In Search of the Supernatural'', in which the gods Bei Dou (the Big Dipper) and Nan Dou (the corresponding stars in Sagittarius) were playing ''Go'', when the youth Yan Chao approached them to ask for a longer life.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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